IN THIS ISSUE
 
Janaury 2004 Home Page
Seismicity of Himachal Pradesh
Need for Farm Input Regulatory Authority
KIWI; the future fruit of Himachal Pradesh
Districts of Himachal in Historical Prespective
Snow: The Nature's Gift
Dust Storm in your house
Care of Himachal's fiscal needs
Sleep on worries
Astro-forecast for 2004


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JANUARY 2004
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ADMINISTRATIVE SETUP OF HP FROM PRINCELY STATES TO DISTRICTS

By Dr. Pawan Banta

Bilaspur:
The princely State of Bilaspur used to be called as Kehloor in olden days because the first fort was established there by the son of the ruler of Chanderi, a principality of Rajput ruler of Madhya Pradesh, Raja Bir Chand.

The fort was on a Hill of Kehloor, named after a shepherd, who used to roam about on the uninhabited hilly tract near present Swarghat. On the opposite hilltop there still stands a fortress of another brother of the State of Handoor (Present Nalagharh)

Both the brothers were always at draggers drawn to each other which compelled Raja Deep Chand to shift his headquarters to Sunhani- a much safer place on the right banks of Sutlej and later to present site of Beaspur (Bilaspur) the abode of Rishi Vyas. The princely state was established by the Raja in Vikrami 754 or 697 A.D.

Chamba or Champa:
The people believe that its founder Raja Sahil Verman named the town after his daughter Champavati. A temple in the Chamba town is also named after Champavati (Chameshwari temple). The name is derived from Champa or Champaka, a fragrance filled flower. Dr. Vogal in his book “Antiquities of Chamba State”, has written about it.
The state was founded by Maru at Bharmour (Ancient name – Brahmpura) in 550 A.D during the 6th century. Later Raja Sahil Verman founded the present Chamba as his capital in 930 A.D. Chamba princely state had five administrative set ups, the parganas, namely Chamba, Churah, Pangi, Bharmour and Bhattiyat. These divisions exist today in Chamba district. Char and Likuchara were the chiefs for administrative purpose. There were hardly twelve officers at pragana level.

Hamirpur:
Now-a-days Hamirpur is a district of Himachal Pradesh. Earlier it was part of Katochia principality of Kangra (Ancient name-Trigarta i.e. land of three lakes). During British days in Jalandhar division. Even in 1903-34, tehsil Hamirpur was rich in revenue totaling Rs. nine lakhs. Raja Hira Chand had introduced many changes in financial administration of his state (Kangra 1857).

As regards appointments of the officials of Kangra during the period of Akbar till Aurangazeb, they were made by Mughal Emperor himself. These included officers in the departments of Revenue, Judiciary, and Police through sanads.

Kangra (Trigarta):
Panini, believed to be a grammarian of fifth century B.C., mentioned Trigarta (Kangra) in Ashtadhayayi. He says Trigarta was a confederation of six states (Trigarta-Shashtas) namely Kaundoparatha, Daushataki, Kaushataki, Jalmani, Brahmagupta and Janaki. At the conclusion of Mahabharatha, Trigarta state was re-organized by Susharma Chandra. Trigarta Rajas shifted the capital from Jalandhar to Nararkot (in the Hills) due to constant attack by invaders from North-West in the year 1070 A.D. With the passing of time, Trigarta-Kangra state-was split into smaller principalities of Jaswan, Guler, Sibba and Datarpur.

Kinnaur or Kinner Desh:
Period of the creation of separate district i.e. Kinnaur was a tehsil called Chini- a part of Bushahr state under the charge of a tehsildar. Kinnaur district came into being by raising the status of Chini tehsil of Rampur on 1st May 1960. Three new tehsils were created in the new district of Kinnaur namely Nichar, Kalpa and Pooh. Now these are the three sub-divisions having five tehsils.

There were normally seventeen district level officers in district Kinnaur during the rule of Bushahr. They used to assess land revenues of Kinnauries. The first ever settlement was carried in 1854. The cash amount of revenues of three tehsils amounted to Rs. 5372.34

Kullu:
Kullu’s ancient name is Kullunta (Kulluta) peeth, supposed to be founded by brother of Behung Muni. Nagar or Mukrasa (Ancient Name) was the capital of Kulluta. After Behung Muni there descended not less than 77 Pals (the last was Sidh Pal). After Sidh Pal , who renounced the title Pal in favour of Singh, the last sovereign of Kullu, was ousted by Sikhs in 1848. Kullu fell into the hands of the British in 1864.

The Administrative system of Kullu in ancient and mediaeval times is not available in the recorded history. After 1864, Kullu was nominally part of Kangra under the charge of an Assistant Commissioner, entrusted with more freedom of action than was normally granted to such a subordinate official.

The first Assistant Commissioner of Kullu was Captain Hay. When Harcourt was appointed Assistant Commissioner of Kullu, he insisted for the grant of more powers viz. power to entertain appeals in civil cases, which was readily granted. The administrative organisation of Kullu sub- division of Kangra district in 1900 consisted of two tehsils- Kullu and Saraj. In addition to these, there were the Wazirs of Lahaul and Spiti. Kullu proper was divided into four Waziris namely Waziri Parol, Waziri Lag, Waziri Maharaja and Waziri Rupi.

Lahaul-Spiti:
In early princely period, Lahaul and Spiti were separate Waziries of Kullu, which itself formed a part of Kangra. In 1966, when Punjab Hill areas were integrated with Himachal Pradesh, Lahaul and Spiti was made a full-fledged district having two tehsils of Lahaul and Spiti. In ancient times Saka and Khasa tribes, driven out of Central Asia, entered Lahaul and Spiti and settled in Chandra and Bhaga valleys, between 5th B.C. to 6th century A.D. The reference was made by Hieun-tsiang in 635 A.D.

Mandi:
According to Alexander Cuningham, Mandi state has no recorded reference before 1000 A.D. (Region of Raja Sahu Sen). Revenue officer Ghulam Mohiuddin was incharge of Mandi. After the battle of Subraon, fought between Sikhs and the British, Mandi and Suket as acceded territories became part of Jalandhar division under the charge of a commissioner. The administration (1851-1880) continued until he was removed from office to be replaced by Padha Jiwanand who was recalled from Jodhpur state, where he was member of State Council.

It was said that “considerable improvement had been effected in the administration under Padha Jiwanand, who was conferred the title of Rai Bahadur by the British rulers.”
Earlier too, the reigns of state administration of Mandi were in the hands of illiterate Wazirs.In 1780 A.D during the period of Ishwari Padha, he was Wazir of the state.During Sen’s regime, the administration was run by Wazir Bairagi (a Brahman by cast) till Raja Surma Sen (1781-1788).

From 1900 to 1921, Mandi state had the advantage of getting the services of other officers besides Padha Jiwanand (recalled from Jadhpur State). A British officer, who was made tutor of Raja Bhawani Sen (1903), was an ICS officer He also acted as Superintendent of the state. Other two administrators and tutor-advisors of the Raja were Mr. Anderson and Mr. E.M. Atkison (1903-04). Till 1907, Rai Bahadur Jiwanand Padha, conducted the administration of Mandi satisfactorily. In 1908, Mr. Miller, ICS was the settlement officer of Mandi and Goordom Walker was appointed Superintendent of the state in 1913. For twelve long years (1913-1925) Mandi state remained under the management of a succession of British officers. Every department of the state was overhauled and recognized.

Shimla (Mahasu):
About 26 Shimla Hill states and their subordinate states were integrated to form Mahasu district named after a deity on 1st May 1960. Shimla district, in early British period was one of the seven district of Delhi division. The district included 42,945 persons living in Shimla district according to 1851 census and 5,02,853 in all the Shimla Hill states, The district consisted Shimla, Jatogh, Sanawar, Subathu, Kalka, Kasauli, Dagshai, Bharauli and Solan. Earlier there were no Zaildar s or Jambardars in Shimla district. The village officials were the “headmen” and “accountants” under the supervision of Kanungo. In ancient period i.e. pre-Aryan age, Kinnaras, Kirats, and Nagas were original inhabitants of upper Himalayas region. Kinnars, Kirtas, and Khasas were pastoral. There was much of mixed race after Khasa subdued Kinnaur.

Sirmaur:
A Rathore Prince (Aditya) founded the ancient Sirmaur principality in 6th or 7th century A.D. At the end of 12th century A.D. Giri river flooded Sirmauri Tal, the capital of Sirmaur state in which the Raja Ugra Chand was washed away. At that time Raja Shalivahan of Jaisalmer had come to Haridwar for Pilgrimage, who ordered his son Shobha to march on Sirmaur and thus a new dynasty started ruling Sirmaur in 1195 A.D. The three stranded sons of Maharaja Ugra Chand at Hatkoti formed new three small states. These were: Eldest son Karan Chand became ruler of Jubbal, Mul Chand and Duni Chand of Sairi (extincted in 1864) and Ranjitgarh respectively.

Solan:
The Solan district of Mahasu was formed in 1972 bifurcating Mahasu district to with four tehsils Solan, Kandaghat, Arki and Nalagarh. Solan was acquired in 1863-64 by the British for rifle practice ground for troops stationed in the Hill areas. Rs. 500 per annum were paid as compensation to Rana of Baghat.

Una:
After Himachal Pradesh attained Statehood on 25 January 1971, the Una district was created with the tehsils of Una, with only one sub–tehsil. Before reorganisation of Punjab in 1966, the Una was a tehsil of Hoshiarpur district.


     

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